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Master’s Degree in Chemistry


DESCRIPTION
                                                                                              
The Master’s Degree in Chemistry Program aims at developing qualified professionals who have a broad science view and deep knowledge about their field of interest. The intention is to considerably contribute to the creation of qualified human resources regarding the strategic development of Brazil in the areas of chemistry, biotechnology and pharmaceutics. Another goal of this course is to improve scientific knowledge of chemistry in an interdisciplinary way, interacting with similar areas while seeking for scientific and technological development at regional and national levels.
 
Lines of research
● Analytical Methods
● Synthesis and Characterization of Matters
● Materials and Technologies
 
SYLLABUS
Advanced Analytical Chemistry
Introduction; Ionic balance; Chemical equilibrium constants. Activity; Thermodynamic aspects of chemical equilibrium; Equilibrium in aqueous solutions; Acid-base equilibrium; Solubility equilibrium; Complexation equilibrium; Oxidation-reduction equilibrium; Species distribution charts; Simultaneous equilibria; Titration curves.
 
 
 
Advanced Inorganic Chemistry
Basic concepts for planning inorganic reactions. Solid state chemistry. Descriptive chemistry of the d-block transition metals. Coordination chemistry: structure and reactivity. Organometallic chemistry: concepts, reactions and applications. Mechanisms of  inorganic reactions and chemistry of the f-block metals.
 
Advanced Organic Chemistry
Chemical bonding and molecular structure. Stereochemistry, conformation and stereoselectivity. Principles of organic physical chemistry. Polar reactions in aliphatic compounds. Reactions of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds. Reactions of free radicals. Reactions of carbonyl compounds. Reactions controlled by orbital symmetry.
 
Advanced Physical Chemistry
I. Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics; Applications of the first law; Second law of thermodynamics; Applications of the second law; Thermodynamic functions for pure substances. Physical equilibria; thermodynamic functions for mixing. Physical equilibria; The rule of phases and its applications; Phase diagrams; Thermodynamic functions for chemical equilibria.
II. Chemical kinetics: Kinetic theory of gases; Transport by diffusion; Speed of simple chemical reactions; Mechanisms of complex chemical reactions; Molecular dynamics; Reactions in solutions; Catalysis; Solid state reactions.
III. Atomic and molecular structure: origins of the quantum theory; Functions of wave, operators, matrix and the uncertainty principle; Quantum theory for some simple systems: free particle, in the box, etc.; Interaction of radiation with matter; Angular momentum in quantum mechanics; Hydrogen atom; Approximation methods in quantum mechanics; Polyelectronic atoms: electronic wave functions; spin; the Pauli exclusion principle, etc.
 
Crystallography
Crystal structure and crystal symmetry; Two port networks; X-ray diffraction; X-ray diffraction in polycrystals; Phase identification; Determination of network parameters in polycrystals; Quantitative phase analysis; General topics in structure refinement using X-ray diffraction.
 
Structural Determination of Organic Compounds
Spectroscopy in Infrared (IR). Mass spectrometry (MS). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Elemental analysis (CHN). Structure determination of natural, pharmaceutical and agrochemical products, etc.
 
Fundamental Electrochemistry
Electrochemistry of solutions, Electrode-solution interface, Double electric layer, Equilibrium condition, Polarized and non-polarized electrodes, Electrodic processes, Activation overpotential, Diffusion overpotential, Crystallization overpotential, Electrochemical techniques: galvanostatic, potentiostatic, potentiodynamic methods and electrochemical impedance.
 
Atomic Spectometry
Theoretical fundamentals, instrumentation, interference and analytical applications using atomic absorption spectometry techniques, atomic emission spectometry techniques, atomic fluorescence spectometry techniques and atomic emission spectrometry with argon inductively coupled plasma. The experimental part involves the determination of metals in real samples (agri-industrial, environmental, food, etc.) through flame atomic emission/absorption spectrometry.
 
Molecular Spectroscopy
Nature of the electromagnetic radiation. Interaction between matter and molecules. General instrumentation. Rotational spectroscopy. Vibrational spectroscopy. Electronic spectroscopy. Photoelectron spectroscopy.  Characterization of matter through its spectrum. Spectroscopic techniques.
 
Stereochemistry
Molecular structure and symmetry. Types of stereoisomers. Relative and absolute configurations. Separation of enantiomers and diastereomers. Prochirality. Conformational analysis. Dynamic stereochemistry.
 
Structure and Reactivity of Carbonyl Compounds
Structure of the carbonyl group in aldehydes, ketones from nitriles, imines and derivatives; General characteristics of chemical reactions in aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, imines and derivatives; reactions of aldehydes, ketones, imines, nitriles and other nitrogen derivatives; Carboxylic acids, esters, thioesters, anhydrides, amides and acyl halides; -unsaturated derivatives from aldehydes, ketones, imines, nitriles and carboxyl acids.
 
Fundamentals of Optics
Historical introduction; Electrostatics; Magnetostatics; Maxwell equations; Electromagnetic waves; Geometric optics; Interference; Diffraction and Polarization.
 
Introduction to Fuel Cell Science and Technology
Electronic transfer phenomena in solid/liquid interface. Electrochemical techniques applied to the study in half cells. Surface electrochemistry. Electrochemistry of fuel cells.
 
Introduction to Thermal Analysis
Application of Thermogravimetry and Derivative Thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), Thermogravimetry and Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), in the study of solid-state materials and compounds. The objective is to verify thermal stability, decomposition of these compounds in inert or oxidizing atmospheres.
 
Mechanisms of Organic Reactions
Introduction to mechanisms of organic reactions. Chemical reactions. Transformation of functional groups. Substitution reactions. Elimination reactions. Addition reactions. Reactions of aromatic compounds. Oxidation and reduction reactions. Pericyclic reactions.
 
Instrumental Methods Applied to Inorganic Chemistry
Fundamentals of the generation and properties of X-rays. Interactions between X-rays and matter. Monochromatization of X-rays. Properties of crystals. X-ray diffractometer for monocrystals. Diffractogram interpretation. Theory of space groups and crystallography. Solution and interpretation of crystal and molecular structures. Secondary interactions in solid state. General applications of crystallography. The correlation between crystallography and other instrumental methods of analysis. Vibrational spectroscopy. Electronic spectroscopy. 1H-NMR and techniques applied to  heteronuclear NMR.
 
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Operating principle. SEM parts. Image resolution. X-ray microanalysis. Preparation of samples.
 
Separation and Purification of Bioproducts
General strategies for bioseparation. Separation of insoluble products: cell disruption, centrifugation and microfiltration. Concentration of the product: ultrafiltration, adsorption, extraction. Purification of the product: electrophoresis, liquid chromatography. Basic concepts of precipitation and crystallization. Other important techniques in bioseparations.
 
Organic Synthesis
Introduction to organic synthesis. Retrosynthetic analysis. Transformations of functional groups. Protective groups. Chemistry  of enols and enolates. Organometallic compounds in the carbon-carbon bond formation. Stereochemical control in organic reactions. Molecular rearrengements. Pericyclic reactions. Catalysis in organic chemistry. Organometallic catalysis. Asymmetric catalysis. Biocatalysis. Organocatalysis.
 
Flow-based Systems with Electrochemical Detection
Introduction; Automation in analytical chemistry; Flow injection analysis (FIA); Batch injection analysis (BIA); Electrochemical detection techniques (voltammetry, amperometry) under hydrodynamic regime; Graphic interpretation of transient signals;  Applying systems in order to solve real analytical problems.
 
Electrochemical Techniques (I) applied to the study of corrosion and protection processes
Polarization. Potential dynamics. Linear polarization. Cyclic and linear voltammetry; practice classes involving these techniques.
 
Electrochemical Techniques (II) applied to the study of corrosion and protection processes
Complex numbers; Electrical circuits; Electrochemistry; Electrochemical instrumentation; Equivalent electrical circuits; Impedance representation methods;  Kramers-Kronig relations.
 
Electrochemical Techniques (III) applied to the study of solid materials
Analysis of the electrical response considering the phenomena of conduction and electric polarization, mainly in solid materials but also in dielectric liquids. Initial evaluation of the electrical response of materials considering constant electric fields (continuous current regime) and subsequent introduction to the impedance spectroscopy technique to study the alternating current regime. Analysis of the electromagnetic spectrum and the correlations between the properties: frequency, wavelength, wavenumber, energy and temperature. Electrical analog of physical and chemical processes. Main models involving the dependence in the electrical response with temperature for different materials (metal materials, dielectric materials, iron electric materials, superconducting materials, among others). Introduction to complex numbers and the analysis of electrical impedance diagrams in terms of equivalent circuits.
 
Chromatographic Techniques: fundamentals and applications
Introduction to classic chromatography. Theoretical concepts, types of stationary phases and chromatography equipment in gas phase. Theoretical concepts, types of stationary and mobile phases and high performance liquid chromatography equipment.  Application of the chromatographic techniques. Data analysis and interpretation.
 
Electroanalytical Techniques
Fundamental concepts of electrochemistry. Fundamental concepts of the main electrochemical methods and some applications in chemical analysis (electroanalytical methods). Electrochemical instrumentation, equipment, electrodes and electrochemical sensors and techniques hyphenated to other analytical techniques.
 
Special Topics I
This discipline shall be taught by professors from the program or from other institutions and its purpose is to complement the course content.
 
Special Topics II
This discipline shall be taught by professors from the program or from other institutions and its purpose is to complement the course content.
 


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